This report identifies the principal areas and issues to be addressed by both public and private financial institutions in the process of mainstreaming climate change and supporting the low-carbon, climate-resilient (LCCR) economy. It is based principally on a desk review and the experience of public development finance institutions and in depth case studies that I4CE has conducted. This report’s focus on DFIs as they have in some cases well over a decade of experience on addressing climate-related issues in their policies and analysis of individual projects.